History
Partition and the making of Pakistan
Pakistan became independent on 14 August 1947, when British India was partitioned into two states. The new country consisted of two wings separated by about 1,600 kilometres of Indian territory, and the division triggered one of the largest mass migrations in recorded history, involving an estimated 14 to 18 million people.
Quick facts
- Independence
- 14 August 1947
- Boundary award published
- 17 August 1947
- People displaced
- An estimated 14 to 18 million
- First capital
- Karachi
Background
The Radcliffe boundary award, published on 17 August 1947, divided Punjab and Bengal and was drawn in about five weeks. Muhammad Ali Jinnah became the first Governor-General and died in September 1948. Karachi served as the first capital. East Pakistan separated in 1971 to become Bangladesh, leaving the present territorial shape of the country.
Key entries
- Lahore Resolution
Passed 23 March 1940 at Minto Park, now Greater Iqbal Park.
- Radcliffe Line
Drawn by Cyril Radcliffe, dividing Punjab and Bengal.
- Muhammad Ali Jinnah
First Governor-General, 1947 to 1948.
- 1971
East Pakistan becomes Bangladesh.
Frequently asked questions
- When did Pakistan become independent?
- On 14 August 1947, when British India was partitioned into Pakistan and India.
- What was the Radcliffe Line?
- The boundary between India and Pakistan drawn by Cyril Radcliffe and published on 17 August 1947.